Git is a distributed version control system (VCS) designed to handle everything from small to very large projects with speed and efficiency. It was created by Linus Torvalds in 2005 and has become the dominant version control system for software development.

Version control systems are tools that help manage changes to source code over time. They allow multiple developers to collaborate on a project, keep track of changes, and easily revert to previous states if needed. Git, in particular, is known for its speed, flexibility, and decentralized nature.

A distributed version control system (DVCS) is a type of version control system where every user has a complete copy of the repository, including its full history.

A Git repository, or “repo” for short, is a collection of files and directories along with the version history of those files. It contains all the information needed to track changes to the files over time. Each repository typically represents a project, and it can be stored locally on a user’s computer or remotely on a server.